高考英语综合填空解题技巧

拿一张英语高考卷来讲，让学生觉得最没有把握的就是综合填空，也叫完形填空，我更喜欢把它称之为综合填空，因为它是对学生语言知识和阅读能力的综合测试。综合填空文章的难度和其题目的设置紧密相关，我们不妨以考核目的将高考中综合填空20个题目分成三类，与之对应的解题方法也有以下这三种——

一、上下文推敲

这类题目主要是对学生语言理解能力的考核，也是我们上海考卷中最多见的一类考题。根据上文所提到的内容来推测下文可能发生的结果，这是高三学生已经掌握了的做题方法，而学生容易忽略的技巧是从下往上的倒推，这就是为什么我们要求学生来回看文章的道理，很多信息在后面被告知，据此来完成前面的填空。同时，对文章整体结构的理解，比方是总分的还是分总的，或总分总的结构，也有利于提高推敲的正确性。下面我们以文章为例来理解“下上文”推敲和分析文章结构的意义。

1.In this chapter you canfind details about more than a hundred different jobs.You are told what qualifications you need, the personal ___1___employers may expect___2____you,the duties you will have in the job, ___3___,what is good and what is not so good about the job. Don’t just look at one description,  look at any descrip－tion you think will interest you.Computer operator

2.Qualifications You will need good__4___from school in several subjects including maths and English.Most employers will test your ca －pability.___5__is on the job or you may need to go to college for further qualifications.

3.Qualities ____6___solving problems;think clearly;like machines;work well in a tem;not___7___routines;have imagination and be very accurate.

4.Duties Prepare jobs；run jobs on the computer；solve problems and correct errors；keep careful______8______of work done.

5.For You work in a very____9__indus －try；;you are well paid；there is lots of opportu－nities in the industry； there are lots of new ma－chines,and new jobs for computers.

6.___10__You may work in rooms win －dows；computer rooms can be noisy;you have to concentrate； you may work irregular hours as big computers run 24 hours a day.

    1.A. requirements  B. qualifications C. problems;D.qualities

    2.A.on B.of C.about D.to

    3.A.and yet B.and finally C.in any case D.on the whole

    4.A.points B.skills C.results D.rec－ommendations

    5.A.Education B.Training C.Teaching D.Operating

    6.A.Include B.Expect C.Enjoy D.Participate

    7.A.mind B.care C.prohibit D.regret

    8.A.records B.history C.mind D.trace

    9.A.boring B.exciting C.dull D.un－known

    10.A.Notice B.On C.Opposite D.A－gainst

综观全文，文章结构为总分式。第1段为总写，第2﹑3﹑4﹑5和第6段为分点表述。因此2﹑3﹑4﹑5和6段段首黑体字也就是第1段所讲的内容，所以答案就很显然，第一空格的qualities也就是第3段段首字；而第5段段首字for就对应了第1段的whatisgood;类推得出 whatisnotsogood对应了第6段段首字，因此答案为for的反义词against。另外我们还发现for和against是最后两点，因此推出第1段第3空格为B选项andfinally与之对应。所以我们在阅读文章时，不仅要把握细节部分，也需要把握文章的框架结构